- Targeted approach, focused responses
- Substantially reduced risk vis-à-vis other modalities
- Successful recombinant subunit vaccines elicit the highest Ab responses
- Shingrix vs. Zostavax
- Gardasil
- HBsAg (Recombivax, Engerix, Heplisav)
- HAV (Vaqta, Havrix)
- Antibodies recognize 3-D shapes/surfaces
- Vaccines need to present surface proteins in the same 3-D shape as present on the surface of the pathogen
- Calder’s focus: spring-loaded and metastable viral fusion proteins: best viral vaccine targets
- Conformational stabilization needed